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Terminal

  • 电传打字机 (TeleTypeWriter, TTY) 是物理设备, 最初是为电报设计, 后来被连接到计算机上, 发送输入和获取输出.
  • 电传打字机 (TTY) 现在被运行在内核中的模块所模拟, 被称为终端模拟器 (Terminal Emulator).
  • 伪终端 (Pseudo Terminal, PTY) 是运行在用户区的终端模拟程序.
  • Shell 由 Terminal fork 出来, 是 Terminal 的子进程. Terminal 处理键盘事件, 负责字符的显示. Shell 负责解释执行用户输入的字符, 返回操作系统底层响应.
  • 可以使用 stty 命令对 TTY 设备进行配置.
  • 远程终端 ssh 也是一种伪终端 PTY:
    • Local: PTY Master is Terminal, PTY Slave is bash and ssh client.
    • Remote: PTY Master is ssh server, PTY Slave is bash.

Default​

update-alternatives: maintain symbolic links determining default commands.

sudo update-alternatives --get-selections
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator
 \ x-terminal-emulator /opt/Hyper/hyper 50
sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator

Tmux​

tmux ls
tmux new -s sessionID
tmux a -t sessionID # attach
tmux show -g >> current.tmux.conf # export configuration

Tmux Hotkeys​

?        # 快捷键帮助列表

Tmux Session​

:new<CR> # 创建新的 Session，其中 : 是进入 Tmux 命令行的快捷键
s list sessions
$ rename the current session
d detach from the current session

Tmux Window​

c create a new window
, rename the current window
w list windows
% split horizontally
" split vertically
n change to the next window
p change to the previous window
0 to 9 select windows 0 through 9

Tmux Pane​

% create a horizontal pane
" create a vertical pane
<space>  # 切换 Pane 布局
h move to the left pane. *
j move to the pane below *
l move to the right pane *
k move to the pane above *
q show pane numbers
o toggle between panes
} swap with next pane
{ swap with previous pane
! break the pane out of the window
x kill the current pane
t        # 显示一个时钟

Tmux Scroll​

  • C-a + [ to into scroll mode, q to quit scroll mode
  • copy mode can scroll too
  • set -g mouse on for enabling mouse scrolling

Tmux Configuration​

# C-b is not acceptable -- Vim uses it
set-option -g prefix C-a
bind-key C-a last-window

# Start numbering at 1
set -g base-index 1

# Allows for faster key repetition
set -s escape-time 0

# Set status bar
set -g status-bg black
set -g status-fg white
set -g status-left ""
set -g status-right "#[fg=green]#H"

# Enable scroll mouse
set -g mouse on

# Rather than constraining window size to the maximum size of any client
# connected to the *session*, constrain window size to the maximum size of any
# client connected to *that window*. Much more reasonable.
setw -g aggressive-resize on

# Allows us to use C-a a <command> to send commands to a TMUX session inside
# another TMUX session
bind-key a send-prefix

# Reload configuration
bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf \; display-message "Config reloaded"

# Escape to enter copy mode, v to selection, y to yank, p to paste
bind Escape copy-mode
bind-key -T copy-mode-vi 'v' send -X begin-selection
bind-key -T copy-mode-vi 'y' send -X copy-selection-and-cancel
# bind-key -t vi-copy v begin-selection
# bind-key -t vi-copy y copy-pipe "reattach-to-user-namespace pbcopy"
unbind p
bind p pasteb

setw -g mode-keys vi      # Vi

# Highlight active window
set-window-option -g window-status-current-bg red

Windows​

# ~/.bashrc

# Fix git bash flicker
bind 'set bell-style none'